History
Hohensalzburg Fortress: a short history
From a wooden bailey in 1077 to the walls you see today — centuries of building, one failed siege, and a surrender without a fight.
Check dates on Viator ↗A wooden start, 1077
Archbishop Gebhard von Helfenstein began the fortress in 1077 as a basic bailey with a wooden wall, during the Investiture Controversy — the long dispute between the papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor over who had the right to appoint bishops. Gebhard sided with the pope against Emperor Henry IV, and a defensible seat on the hill above Salzburg was a practical answer to a dangerous argument.
Stone walls and towers, 1462
Prince-Archbishop Burkhard II von Weißpriach strengthened the ring wall with four towers in 1462 — the Glockenturm, Trompeterturm, Krautturm and a smiths' or prisoners' tower. The Krautturm still holds the Salzburg Bull, a mechanical organ of more than two hundred pipes built in 1502 under Leonhard von Keutschach and renewed in the eighteenth century.
Keutschach's fortress, 1495 to 1519
Leonhard von Keutschach expanded the fortress throughout his reign and turned it into a late-Gothic seat of government; the state rooms, including the Golden Hall, were fitted out from 1498. Gates such as the Rosspforte and Schleuderpforte are dated to his time or his predecessor's, and still mark the route up through the walls.
One siege, one surrender
The fortress has never been taken by force. The only time it came under siege was the German Peasants' War of 1525, when miners, farmers and townspeople tried to oust Prince-Archbishop Matthäus Lang and failed to take it. In 1800, during the Napoleonic Wars, it was surrendered without a fight to French forces under General Moreau.
Later additions
Paris von Lodron added the Hasengraben bastions, where the funicular now arrives, during the Thirty Years' War. Emperor Franz Joseph ended the fortress's military status in 1861, and the funicular built for visitors opened in 1892.